L24 Pseudacanthicus Pitanga

L24 Pseudacanthicus Pitanga (Cactus Pleco) Care Guide

The L24 Pseudacanthicus pitanga, commonly known as the Cactus Pleco or Scarlet Cactus Pleco, is a stunning freshwater fish from the Loricariidae family. It is native to the Rio Tocantins basin in Brazil. Known for its vibrant reddish-orange fins and tough, spiny appearance, the L24 is a favorite among experienced aquarists.

Quick Overview

Scientific Name	Pseudacanthicus pitanga
Common Names	Scarlet Cactus Pleco, L24
Family	Loricariidae
Origin	Rio Tocantins, Brazil
Size	Up to 12–15 inches (30–38 cm)
Lifespan	10–15 years
Temperament	Semi-aggressive, territorial
Diet	Omnivorous, protein-focused

Tank Requirements

• Tank Size:
  • A minimum of 100 gallons (375 liters) for a single adult, as this species grows large and is territorial. Larger tanks are required for multiple specimens or if housed with other plecos.
• Tank Setup:
  • Substrate: Use sand or smooth gravel to replicate its natural environment.
  • Decor:
    • Provide plenty of rocks, driftwood, and caves for hiding. The L24 is a territorial species and needs its own space.
    • Avoid sharp decorations that could harm its fins or spines.
  • Lighting: Dim to moderate, as plecos prefer subdued lighting.
• Filtration and Water Flow:
  • A strong filtration system is essential to handle the bioload of this large pleco.
  • Provide moderate to strong water flow to mimic the riverine environment of the Rio Tocantins.

Water Parameters

• Temperature: 77°F–84°F (25°C–29°C)
• pH: 6.5–7.5 (slightly acidic to neutral)
• Hardness: Soft to moderately hard (4–15 dGH)
• Water Quality:
  • Maintain pristine water conditions with ammonia and nitrite levels at 0 ppm and nitrates below 20 ppm.
  • Perform regular water changes (30–50% weekly) to ensure a clean environment.

Diet

The L24 Pseudacanthicus Pitanga is an omnivore with a preference for protein-rich foods. Its diet should include:

• Protein-Rich Foods:
  • Carnivore pellets, shrimp pellets, and sinking wafers designed for plecos.
  • Frozen or live foods like bloodworms, blackworms, and small pieces of fish or shrimp.
• Vegetation:
  • While primarily protein-focused, it will benefit from some plant-based foods, such as blanched zucchini, cucumber, or spinach.
  • Algae wafers can supplement its diet but should not be the primary food source.
• Feeding Frequency:
  • Feed once or twice daily, ensuring all food is consumed within a few minutes. Remove uneaten food to maintain water quality.

Behavior and Compatibility

• Temperament:
  • The L24 is territorial and can show aggression, especially toward other bottom-dwelling fish or plecos.
• Tankmates:
  • Compatible tankmates include large, peaceful fish that occupy different areas of the tank, such as:
    • Silver Dollars
    • Geophagus species
    • Severums
    • Avoid other territorial plecos unless in a very large tank.
• Social Structure:
  • Best kept as a single specimen or in a species-only tank unless the tank is large enough to accommodate multiple territories.

Breeding

Breeding L24 Pseudacanthicus Pitanga in captivity is challenging due to its size and territorial nature. However, successful breeding has been reported under specific conditions:

1. Breeding Setup:
   • Use a separate breeding tank with plenty of caves and hiding spots.
   • The water should have a slight current and be maintained at the higher end of the temperature range (82°F–84°F).
2. Pair Selection:
   • Choose a mature pair (males tend to be larger with more pronounced odontodes along their pectoral fins and cheeks).
3. Spawning:
   • The female lays eggs in a cave, and the male guards them until they hatch.
   • Eggs hatch in 5–7 days, and fry become free-swimming after another 5–7 days.
4. Fry Care:
   • Feed the fry with infusoria, powdered fry food, or finely crushed algae wafers.

Common Challenges

1. Aggression:
   • The L24 can be aggressive toward other bottom-dwelling fish or plecos. Provide plenty of hiding spaces to reduce conflicts.
2. Water Quality:
   • Poor water quality can lead to health issues. Ensure regular water changes and efficient filtration.
3. Dietary Imbalance:
   • Without a protein-rich diet, this pleco may become malnourished. Provide a varied diet with a focus on meaty foods.

Care Summary

Aspect	Details
Tank Size	Minimum 100 gallons, larger for multiple specimens
Water Parameters	77°F–84°F, pH 6.5–7.5, soft to moderately hard water
Diet	Carnivore pellets, frozen/live foods, occasional veggies
Temperament	Territorial, semi-aggressive
Lifespan	10–15 years

With its striking coloration and robust personality, the L24 Pseudacanthicus Pitanga is a true centerpiece for any large, well-maintained aquarium. While its care requires dedication and experience, the reward of owning such a beautiful species makes it a favorite among pleco enthusiasts.